{"id":66,"date":"2019-03-24T17:09:06","date_gmt":"2019-03-24T17:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/?p=66"},"modified":"2023-02-06T17:32:29","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T17:32:29","slug":"categorias-gramaticales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/categorias-gramaticales\/","title":{"rendered":"CATEGOR\u00cdAS GRAMATICALES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Despu\u00e9s de haber aclarado qu\u00e9 son los enunciados y cu\u00e1les son sus clases (oraciones y frases), vamos ahora a echar un vistazo a los elementos con los que los construimos: <strong>las palabras<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Las distintas clases de palabras que encontramos en una lengua reciben el nombre de <strong>Categor\u00edas Gramaticales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Las Categor\u00edas Gramaticales son 9 y se dividen en dos grandes grupos en Castellano:<\/p>\n<p><strong>A. Variables<\/strong>: Aquellas palabras que admiten cambios en su forma: <strong>sustantivos, adjetivos, determinantes, pronombres y verbos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B. Invariables<\/strong>: Las palabras que nunca modifican su forma: <strong>adverbios, preposiciones, conjunciones e interjecciones<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n, veremos cada una de ellas por separado aunque de forma muy breve puesto que, posteriormente, le dedicaremos un art\u00edculo detallado a cada palabra o categor\u00eda gramatical.<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Sustantivos<\/strong>: Son las palabras que utilizamos para darle nombre a todo lo que percibimos, ya sean seres (perro, hombre, \u00e1rbol), objetos (llave, l\u00e1piz, mesa), lugares (r\u00edo, monta\u00f1a, calle), sentimientos o emociones (alegr\u00eda, enfado, simpat\u00eda) \u2026<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Adjetivos<\/strong>: Son aquellas palabras que dicen algo de los sustantivos \u2013 una cualidad, estado o propiedad -, a los que siempre acompa\u00f1an y con los que normalmente concuerdan en g\u00e9nero (masculino o femenino) y n\u00famero (singular o plural).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">SUSTANTIVO<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">ADJETIVO<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">G\u00c9NERO Y N\u00daMERO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">maestro<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">listo<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">masculino \u2013 singular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">maestra<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">lista<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">femenino \u2013 singular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">maestros<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">listos<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">masculino \u2013 plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">maestras<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">listas<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">femenino \u2013 plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>3.<strong> Determinantes<\/strong>: Son palabras que preceden a los sustantivos y los determinan, concretando y delimitando su significado. A su vez, los determinantes se clasifican en: <strong>art\u00edculos<\/strong> (la casa), <strong>posesivos<\/strong> (mi coche), <strong>demostrativos<\/strong> (esta mesa), <strong>cuantificadores<\/strong> (cinco perros), <strong>interrogativos<\/strong> (\u00bfqu\u00e9 libro?), <strong>exclamativos<\/strong> (\u00a1qu\u00e9 calor!) y <strong>relativos<\/strong> (el armario cuya puerta estaba rota).<\/p>\n<p>4.<strong> Pronombres<\/strong>: Son palabras que sustituyen a un sustantivo y desempe\u00f1an su funci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAyer vi a\u00a0<u>PEDRO<\/u>\u00a0(sustantivo).\u00a0<u>\u00c9L<\/u>\u00a0(pronombre) ten\u00eda mala cara\u201d<\/p>\n<p>5.<strong> Verbos<\/strong>: Expresan acciones, procesos o estados en presente pasado o futuro, y pueden constituir oraciones por s\u00ed mismos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cVen\u201d \/ \u201cVen a la calle conmigo\u201d<\/p>\n<p>6.<strong> Adverbios<\/strong>: Son palabras que expresan circunstancias diversas: modo, tiempo, lugar\u2026 en las que ocurre lo expresado por el verbo.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHazlo <u>as\u00ed<\/u>\u201d \/\u00a0 \u201cTe ver\u00e9 <u>entonces<\/u>\u201d \/ \u201cVen <u>aqu\u00ed<\/u>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>7.<strong> Preposiciones<\/strong>: Funcionan como enlaces dentro de grupos sint\u00e1cticos m\u00e1s amplios (siempre grupos preposicionales).<\/p>\n<p>Las preposiciones son:\u00a0<em>a, ante, bajo, cabe (desuso), con, contra, de, desde, durante, en, entre, hacia, hasta, mediante, para, por, seg\u00fan, sin, so (desuso), sobre, tras, versus, v\u00eda.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>8.<strong> Conjunciones<\/strong>: Exclusivamente unen palabras, grupos sint\u00e1cticos u oraciones.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPapel <u>y<\/u> l\u00e1piz\u201d \/ \u201cGente buena <u>o<\/u> gente mala\u201d \/ \u201c\u00c9l quer\u00eda venir <u>pero<\/u> no pudo\u201d<\/p>\n<p>9. <strong>Interjecciones<\/strong>: Son palabras con las que se expresan sentimientos, emociones, sensaciones, se induce a la acci\u00f3n al interlocutor o se llama su atenci\u00f3n; y se comportan como una oraci\u00f3n independiente.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a1Ay!\u00bb \/ \u00ab\u00a1Hola!\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Eso es todo por ahora. En la pr\u00f3xima entrada hablaremos de los <strong>s<\/strong><strong>ustantivos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Hasta entonces.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s GRAM\u00c1TICA:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/los-enunciados\/\"><strong>LOS ENUNCIADOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/el-sustantivo\/\"><strong>LOS SUSTANTIVOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/los-sustantivos-genero\/\"><strong>LOS SUSTANTIVOS: G\u00c9NERO<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/95\/\"><strong>LOS SUSTANTIVOS: N\u00daMERO<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/100\/\"><strong>LOS SUSTANTIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/04\/11\/los-adjetivos\/\"><strong>LOS ADJETIVOS (Y SU G\u00c9NERO Y N\u00daMERO)<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/04\/15\/465\/\"><strong>LOS ADJETIVOS: CLASES<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/04\/20\/los-adjetivos-grados-de-los-calificativos\/\">LOS ADJETIVOS: GRADOS DE LOS CALIFICATIVOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/01\/los-adjetivos-ejercicios\/\">LOS ADJETIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/07\/los-determinantes\/\">LOS DETERMINANTES<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/09\/los-determinantes-ejercicios\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>LOS DETERMINANTES: EJERCICIOS<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/20\/los-pronombres\/\">LOS PRONOMBRES<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/05\/27\/los-pronombres-posesivos-ejercicios\/\">LOS PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/06\/17\/los-pronombres-demostrativos-ejercicios\/\"><strong>LOS PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/07\/02\/los-pronombres-cuantificadores-ejercicios\/\"><strong>LOS PRONOMBRES CUANTIFICADORES: EJERCICIOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/08\/los-pronombres-interrogativos-y-exclamativos-ejercicios\/\">LOS PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS Y EXCLAMATIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/28\/los-pronombres-personales-ejercicios\/\">LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/03\/2528\/\">LOS PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/19\/los-verbos\/\">LOS VERBOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/12\/04\/los-verbos-ejercicios\/\"><strong>LOS VERBOS: EJERCICIOS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/10\/3477\/\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">LOS ADVERBIOS<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/22\/los-adverbios-ejercicios\/\">LOS ADVERBIOS: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/28\/las-preposiciones\/\">LAS PREPOSICIONES<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/20\/las-preposiciones-ejercicios\/\">LAS PREPOSICIONES: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/14\/las-conjunciones-coordinantes\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">LAS CONJUNCIONES COORDINANTES<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/04\/las-conjunciones-subordinantes\/\">LAS CONJUNCIONES SUBORDINANTES<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/24\/las-conjunciones-ejercicios\/\">LAS CONJUNCIONES: EJERCICIOS<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2021\/01\/26\/las-interjecciones\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>LAS INTERJECCIONES<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2021\/08\/09\/las-interjecciones-ejercicios\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">LAS INTERJECCIONES: EJERCICIOS<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ADEM\u00c1S:<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/category\/gramatica-sintagmas\/\"><strong>GRAM\u00c1TICA: SINTAGMAS<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1><a href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/category\/gramatica-oraciones\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>GRAM\u00c1TICA: ORACIONES<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despu\u00e9s de haber aclarado qu\u00e9 son los enunciados y cu\u00e1les son sus clases (oraciones y&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[7,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CATEGOR\u00cdAS GRAMATICALES - Pizarra y tiza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pizarraytiza.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/categorias-gramaticales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CATEGOR\u00cdAS GRAMATICALES - Pizarra y tiza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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